Activism and Community Medicine

Dr. Hughes traces the growth of student activism and its implications for medicine, especially in relation to the development of the specialty of community medicine

The Generic Spacecraft Analyst Assistant (GenSAA): A tool for automating spacecraft monitoring with expert systems

Flight Operations Analysts (FOAs) in the Payload Operations Control Center (POCC) are responsible for monitoring a satellite's health and safety. As satellites become more complex and data rates increase, FOAs are quickly approaching a level of information saturation. The FOAs in the spacecraft control center for the COBE (Cosmic Background Explorer) satellite are currently using a fault isolation expert system named the Communications Link Expert Assistance Resource (CLEAR), to assist in isolating and correcting communications link faults. Due to the success of CLEAR and several other systems in the control center domain, many other monitoring and fault isolation expert systems will likely be developed to support control center operations during the early 1990s. To facilitate the development of these systems, a project was initiated to develop a domain specific tool, named the Generic Spacecraft Analyst Assistant (GenSAA). GenSAA will enable spacecraft analysts to easily build simple real-time expert systems that perform spacecraft monitoring and fault isolation functions. Lessons learned during the development of several expert systems at Goddard, thereby establishing the foundation of GenSAA's objectives and offering insights in how problems may be avoided in future project, are described. This is followed by a description of the capabilities, architecture, and usage of GenSAA along with a discussion of its application to future NASA missions

Letter from Edward Hughes to John Muir, 1903 Feb 9.

Stockton, Feby. 9 - 1903221 E. Acacia St.Mr. John MuirMartinez, Calif.Dear Sir and Friend:I send you by separate package another copy of the picture I made of you. It is the very best I have been able to get from the negative, which has since been tinkered and spoiled.I hope I may have your permission to try again some time.My land application will be approved this month so the Surveyor General writes me and I will soon own a part of the Sierras myself. I hope to build a cabin on it this summer where I can retire when I periodically grow sick of civilization.Yours sincerelyEdward Hughes.0316

Letter from Edward Hughes to John Muir, 1905 May 30.

Stockton Ca., May 30 - 19051230 N. Center StMr. John MuirMartinez, Cal.My dear Friend: The Craftsman which you so kindly sent us was duly received and we thank you for the pleasure its perusal has given us.The newspaper people didn\u27t learn of your visit to Stockton until some three days after you were here. Then they came down on me with a rush to learn particulars. I enjoyed poking fun at them about their lack of enterprise as witnessed by the fact that a man of your size could spend a day here without their being the wiser for it until it was too old for a news item. However they made one of it.Attorney McNoble was very much disappointed 03574 not to see you, as were the R[illegible] and we all hope that you will find occasion to repeat the visit and make it longer, soon.Kindly remember me to Mrs. Muir and both Mrs. Hughes and myself to Miss Helen; we hope she will find in the contemplated trip to Arizona just what she needs to complete the recovery she has so well begun.Very sincerely yours,Edward Hughes0357

CHY Formulae and Soft Theorems in N = 4 Super Yang-Mills Theory

PhDThe study of scattering amplitudes in quantum eld theories (QFTs) is equally important for high energy phenomenology and for theoretical understanding of fundamental physics. Over the last 15 years there has been an explosion of new techniques, inspired by Witten's celebrated twistor string theory [1]. The N = 4 super Yang-Mills theory (SYM) provides a playground for applying and extending these methods, heavily constrained by spacetime, internal and hidden symmetries. Recently, Cachazo, He and Yuan proposed an algebraic construction of scattering amplitudes at tree level in various QFTs, based on the solution of certain scattering equations [2]. This formula was later extended to tree-level form factors of Tr(F2 SD) in four dimensional Yang-Mills theory [3]. In this thesis we show how this result may be naturally supersymmetrised, and derived from a dual connected formulation. Moreover, we relate our results to a geometric construction of form factors via the Grassmannian [4]. Finally, we argue that ambitwistor string theory provides a natural way to lift the result to arbitrary dimensions, paving the way for loop-level results. In complementary work, it was shown that the subleading soft behaviour of tree-level amplitudes in gauge theory and gravity is universal [5{7]. This unexpected property is related to extended symmetries of the theory acting at null in nity. Moreover, the hidden structure provides additional information relevant for resummation of physical observables. In this thesis, we extend the known results to one-loop level in N = 4 SYM, arguing that IR divergences introduce anomaly terms through nite order in the regulator. We constrain these terms using dual superconformal symmetry, and derive explicit formulae in the MHV and NMHV sectors. This thesis contains documentation for two Mathematica packages, illustrating the original calculations we have performed.STFC studentship

Joshua: Symphonic Suite No. 2 and James Aikman, The Violin Concerto, and the Principle of Limited Economy

The objective of this dissertation is to present an original work that represents this writer’s perspective as a composer and to examine the work, Violin Concerto No.1, by American composer and educator, James Aikman. The first component of this dissertation is this writer’s composition Joshua: Symphonic Suite No. 2. This work, which portrays the Old Testament Bible story of Joshua, son of Nun, is a neo-tonal ballet, which features the violin extensively. The ballet is divided into four movements, each of which corresponds to a segment of Joshua’s story, including “Joshua and Caleb,” “Rahab and the Spies,” “The River Jordan,” and “The Walls of Jericho.” This writer’s compositional techniques used for this work included the Principle of Limited Economy, or POLE technique, and Musical Numerology. The second component of this dissertation is an examination of James Aikman’s compositional technique in his Violin Concerto No. 1. Written in 2009, the work is divided into three movements: “Prologue/Improvisation/Prologue,” “Quasi una fantasia,” and “Toccata.” Through analysis and interviews with Aikman, research demonstrates that he used the POLE technique as a principle compositional device throughout the piece. In the first movement, he applied the POLE technique to texture. In the second and third movements, he applied the POLE technique to motivic development. Ultimately, Aikman used the POLE technique to develop his musical ideas and to help create cohesion in his work

A literary reading of the Exodus story

The present work offers an explication of Exodus 1-14 in the Masoretic text from a literary perspective and questions the methodological relationship between Narrative Criticism and traditional Historical Criticism.Chapter One outlines a set of theoretical assumptions upon which the reading of Exodus is based with regard to history, referentiality, the diachronic/synchronic relationship, intentionality and ideology. Along with theory, the method being utilised is discussed, particularly with respect to its role in a pluralistic methodological sphere and also in relation to the stance of the interpreter along emic and etic lines of discussion.Chapter Two interacts with a selection of approaches through which the Exodus story has been read and evaluates their usefulness for Narrative Criticism.Chapters Three to Five contain the Narrative Criticism proper as applied to Exodus 1-14: Chapter Three examines the plot of the entire story in a descriptive manner. After an initial survey and consideration of plot from Aristotle onwards, the plot of Exodus 1-14 is subdivided into four main parts: Section I: Exod 1:1-2:25 (.Introduction), Section II: Exod 3:1-7:7 (Ascent), Section III: Exod 7:8-13:16 (Complication) and Section IV: Exod 13:17-14:31 (Conclusion).Chapter Four deals with the characterisation of the story's Introduction (Section I: Exod 1:1-2:25), focusing initially on the diverse characterisation techniques and character types found within its seven pericopae. Then a major section on etiology opens the methodological dialogue between Narrative Criticism and traditional Historical Criticism (with the issue of etiology—Form Criticism) and intimates a positive interrelationship.Chapter Five offers a close reading of the Prologue and initial Plagues triad (Exod 7:8-8:15) from a narrative-critical perspective, and then continues the literary/historical dialogue concerning method, with the entire Plagues narratives (Section III: Exod 7:8-13:16) as primary data. Whereas the narratological function of these narratives is that they offer links with previous and future story-elements through resonances and foreshadowing, at a historical-compositional level they can be seen to represent two separate tradition-complexes.The thesis locates the method of Narrative Criticism within a context of certain issues that are relevant to literary theory. It samples this method by treating the plot of the whole story, the characterisation of the Introduction and the narratology of the Plagues. Finally, the thesis discusses the relationship between Narrative Criticism and issues (like etiology and the compositional development of the story) long discussed by more historical types of criticism

The links between security sector reform and development

Executive summary: This paper explores the relationship between security and development, with a focus on how different types of violence inhibit development in fragile and conflict-affected states. This paper is based upon a comprehensive literature review of separate pieces of research including academic studies, datasets and policy analysis. It explores statistics and figures that illustrate the barriers that insecurity poses to achieving development outcomes in fragile and conflict-afflicted states. It also examines these dynamics in detail in four countries: Afghanistan, Solomon Islands, South Sudan and Timor-Leste. The assignment was not to come up with policy recommendations per se; rather it was to present a comprehensive synopsis of how different types of violence shackles and inhibits development in fragile and conflict-affected states. The research team believes that the material presented will be of use to inform policy debate and development, including in the field of security sector reform. The analysis is contextualised by focusing on three types of violence: political, criminal and interpersonal. The barriers these different types of violence pose to development is presented throughout the report, and embedded in the country case studies. The statistics uncovered in the course of the project are stark and unnerving. These statistics, among others, are used to highlight the barriers that different types of violence pose to development. It is not only the financial cost, but also the broader institutional and social costs that generate a series of barriers for meaningful development. Through synthesising these statistics, this paper contributes to the understandings of the links between security and development, paving way for policy recommendations and lines of action for Australia and development practitioners

Declining student enrollment in Virginia 1972-1981 : an examination of its extent, State Board of Education policies, and changes effected by selected school divisions

The purposes of the study were to determine: to what extent student enrollment has declined in the state and in local school divisions in Virginia during the decade 1972-1981; what policies, if any, have been enacted by the State Board of Education relative to declining enrollment; and what effect a severely declining enrollment may have had in the areas of formal curriculum, professional personnel, and school organizational patterns and utilization of buildings.;It was found that during the decade studied: (1) statewide enrollment declined overall by less than six percent; (2) 62 percent of the divisions experienced a net loss in enrollment; (3) nine divisions declined in enrollment for ten consecutive years; (4) eighteen divisions declined 20 percent and more; (5) eleven divisions declined by 25 percent and more.;No policies related to declining enrollment were enacted by the State Board of Education during the decade studied.;A questionnaire was sent to the superintendents of eleven divisions which had declined by 25 percent and more during the decade studied. Completed questionnaires were returned by ten divisions, or 91 percent. Changes related to declining enrollment were found to have been effected in the areas of formal curriculum, professional personnel, and school organizational patterns and utilization of buildings. While the respondents did not cite declining enrollment as the sole cause of the changes effected, 73 percent of the changes were reported to have been partially or substantially the result of declining enrollment. The eleven divisions studied included large cities, small cities, suburban, and rural areas within Virginia, and were geographically dispersed. Ninety percent of the responding divisions reported layoffs, involuntary transfers between schools, and establishment of new attendance zones. One hundred percent of the respondents cited seniority as either the only criterion or one of several criteria considered in their divisional reduction-in-force policy. None of the responding divisions were reported to have a School Board policy on the use of surplus space